The 10 Coolest Dinosaur Names

consumer behaviour - 1622 Words

1. Comment / Explain / Answer the following a) Compare and contrast Howard and Sheith model and Nicosa model These different decision making models are approaches the problem of consumer decision making differently. The Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model is essentially a conscious problem solving and learning model of consumer behaviour. This model has a good description of active information seeking and evaluation processes of consumer. The information processed in this model is the stimulus. The consumer ¡Ã‚ ¦s decision processes act upon this stimulus in order to determine a response to it. These models attempt to explain each stage and show interrelated between the stages of consumer buyer behaviour from the stimulus, through the purchase to†¦show more content†¦Culture consists of the unwritten rules of the social game. It is the collective programming of the mind that distinguishing the members of a group or category of people from others. Parts of Culture Culture: norms, roles, beliefs, values, customs, rituals, artifacts Culture classifies things into discontinuous units of value in society Codes classified units, develops behaviors, specifies priorities, legitimizes and justifies the classifications Consumer socialization - the process by which people develop their values, motivations, and habitual activity Culture creates meanings for everyday products We study how the use and/or collections of products and their meanings move through a society Nature of Culture—Components Norms: rules that designate forms of acceptable and unacceptable behavior Customs: behaviors that lasted over time and passed down in the family setting Mores: moral standards of behavior Conventions: practices tied to the conduct of everyday life in various settings Ethnocentrism: the tendency to view one’s own culture as better or superior to others Key Points about Culture It is learned: transmitted from generation to generation It rewards acceptable behaviors It stays the same, yet can change Family, Religion, School and Peers: what is the relative influence of each? Values Transfusion Model shows how these combine Will any become more, lessShow MoreRelatedConsumer Behaviour Models and Consumer Behaviour in Tourism8170 Words   |  33 PagesConsumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumerRead MoreQuestions On Consumer Behaviour And Consumer Behavior1536 Words   |  7 Pages SUBMISSION TITLE: Consumer Behaviour PRODUCT: Two Wheeler INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT LUCKNOW Over the years there has been a shift in the consumer buying behaviour of two wheelers. While cost, fuel efficiency and comfort have been primary influencers throughout, factors such as aesthetics, brand recognition have gained importance in the recent years. Following are the key consumer factors that have witnessed a change over the years: Change in Consumer Behaviour with Affordability DuringRead MoreQuestions On Consumer Behaviour And Consumer Behavior2064 Words   |  9 Pages1. Introduction 1.1 Why do marketers need to understand consumer behaviour? Marketers need to understand consumer behaviour in order to know what the consumer wants from a product. This is because different types of people will want different things from the products they buy; for example, an older, married couple will have different needs and wants to a young couple. Marketers also need to understand the behaviour of consumers to design and construct the best marketing approach to capture the chosenRead MoreConsumer Behaviour and Perception Essay2228 Words   |  9 Pages2.0 CONTENTS CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND PERCEPTION 2.1 WHAT IS CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR? It is necessary to understand consumer behaviour; this is based on the activities leading to the acquisition and use of goods or services, including decision-making processes that determine a purchase. In this process the consumer performs actions such as search, purchase, use and evaluation of products expected to be used to meet their needs (Solomon Michael, 2007). The activities, processes and social relationsRead MoreThe Characteristics That Affect Consumer Behaviour2028 Words   |  9 PagesAFFECT CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: 2 THE TYPES OF CONSUMER BUYING DECISIONS: 3 The Components of the Decision-Making Process 4 Conclusion 5 Marketing Recommendations 6 â€Æ' â€Æ' INTRODUCTION According to Assael (2004, p.2), â€Å"Consumer behaviour determines a firm’s profitability†. Marketers have come to realize that their effectiveness in meeting consumer needs indirectly influences their profitability. Assael(2004, p.2). So it’s compulsory for every marketer to understand the consumer behaviourRead MoreEssay on Women and Consumer Behaviour3327 Words   |  14 PagesWomen and Consumer Behaviour INTRODUCTION Consumer behaviour can be defined as â€Å"the acts of individuals directly involved in obtaining and using economic and services, including the decision process that precede and determine these acts.† (Engel et al, 1968, p 5) Buyer behaviour refers to â€Å"the acts of individuals directly involved in the exchange of money for economic goods and services and the decision process that determined these act. â€Å"(Engel et al, 1968, p 5). Both consumer and buyerRead MoreHow Technology Affects Consumer Behaviour?14761 Words   |  60 Pages1822-6515ISSN 1822-6515 EKONOMIKA IR VADYBA: 2009. 14ECONOMICS amp; MANAGEMENT: 2009. 14 IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Elina Gaile-Sarkane Riga T echnical University, Latvia, elina.gaile-sarkane@rtu.lv Abstract Fast development of equipment and technologies, economic globalization and many other external circumstances stimulate the changes in consumer behavior. Usually consumer behavior has drawn upon theories developed in related fields of study of human behavior such as psychology, sociologyRead MoreAnalysis of Consumer Behaviour Online2697 Words   |  11 PagesThis report will outline the most relevant behavioural characteristics of online consumers and examine the ways they find, compare and evaluate product information. Comparison of the newly collected survey data with the existing consumer behaviour theory resulted in detection of a number of issues related to a specific consumer group. The purpose of this report is to translate these findings into a set of implementation activities on strategic and technological level. Execution of these recommendationsRead MoreConsumer Behavior And Consumer Behaviour715 Words   |  3 Pages Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior is the study of consumers and the influences they go through to make particular purchasing decisions of products or services available in a market. As a discipline, consumer behavior delves into the dynamics of consumer rationale by evaluating their mindsets on certain items. Therefore, it combines aspects of economics, psychology, marketing and sociology in an attempt to derive a deeper understanding of the behavior of consumers. Moreover, it does not just evaluateRead MoreTheory of Consumer Behaviour988 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Consumer Behaviour There are two main approaches to the theory of consumer behaviour to demand in Economics. The first approach is the Marginal Utility or Cardinalist Approach. The second is the Ordinalist Approach. 1. CARDINAL UTILITY ANALYSIS Human wants are unlimited and they are of different intensity. The means at the disposal of a man are not only scarce but they have alternative uses. As a result of scarcity of resources, the consumer cannot satisfy all his wants. He has

National Organization for Women free essay sample

The National Organization for women (NOW) was founded in 1966 to help and encourage women to participate in exercising their rights as human beings. Today it is the largest feminist organization in the world. Women in America today share most of the same rights and privileges as men, but it wasn’t always that way. Women were discriminated against and have fought hard with the help of organizations such as NOW, to gain respect and rights as equal citizens of this country. The photograph on the bottom of the poster was taken from www. NOW. org and features the original founders of the organization. Founders wrote a Statement of Purpose, which according to the organizations website, describes the purpose as â€Å"To take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men. † The U. S. government does not fund the organization, nor is it affiliated with any particular political party. We will write a custom essay sample on National Organization for Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The organization is divided into state chapters and memberships are offered to provide local, state and national alerts on legal, political, social and economic issues related to eliminating sexism in our country. Members participate in marches, rallies, and demonstrations to non-violently protest discrimination against women. Also featured on the poster is a quote from the Declaration of Sediments reading, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal. † The sediments were written during the first women’s rights convention in 1848, which started a movement towards equal rights for women.

Is the Merchant of Venice anti-Christian or anti-Semitic Essay Example

Is the Merchant of Venice anti-Christian or anti-Semitic Paper The Merchant of Venice written by Shakespeare is a powerfully expressed play of love and hate, loyalty and prejudice, justice and mercy interwoven intricately, but delicately, while reflecting the most complex human beings and their affairs surrounding them. However, before consulting the play, we should consider the time and background in which it was written and performed, for the viewpoints of the characters in The Merchant of Venice are highly influenced by the aspect of the time it had been written, the Elizabethan era. After the Diaspora (the dispersion of the Jews), the Jews in foreign lands resolutely kept up their customs and religion. They formed right-knit communities and became known for their intelligence, hard work and capability for business. Unfortunately, these gifted qualities sometimes led to their being mistrusted and resented. This was especially the case in Christian countries, where anti-Semitism feeling was very strong. During the Elizabethan era, for instance, condemning the Jews without any justifiable reason was acceptable and no questions were asked against that fact. The only reason for the mere action of cruelty was that the Jews were not Christians. However, what right did the Christians have in reproaching the Jews? Were the Jews as bad and damned as the Christians thought them to be? As a matter of course, some of the Jews were at least in some aspects. Shylock, the most important of the three Jews in The Merchant of Venice, definitely has some villainous nature in him even though his character seems rather ambiguous. First of all, Shylock is a mean miser who knows nothing but money. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Merchant of Venice anti-Christian or anti-Semitic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Merchant of Venice anti-Christian or anti-Semitic specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Merchant of Venice anti-Christian or anti-Semitic specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In fact, Shylock seems to care more for his money than for his runaway daughter, I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear: would she were hearsed at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin. The way Shylock makes his precious money is by lending money to people by taking the interest, or well won thrift as he calls it. This might mean nothing to us nowadays, but for the gentlemen in Venice it was somewhat an insult, for taking interest meant that Shylock did not trust the word of a gentleman and therefore their integrity and honour. However, Shylocks obsession towards his money and profit is nevertheless understandable. Shylock is a foreigner in his own city. He may have lived all his life in Venice, yet he is treated as an alien just because he has different religious beliefs. Like his fellow Jews, therefore, he tries to rise above such prejudice and seeks security and success in money-lending business. Consequently, money means more than anything does to Shylock, it means his social statues and life for him. All Shylock wants is to be equal, and to be understood as an equal human being. I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affection, passions? Fed with the same food, huirt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is? In addition, Shylock is not entirely apathetic in the matter of love. When his friend Tubal informs him with the news of his lost ring he cries, Thou torturest me, Tubal: it was my turquoise, I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor. This shows that Shylock at least loved him wife, if nobody else. Antonio and the Christians will not allow themselves to lend money for profit, but to support their extravagant lifestyle they still need money loan from the Jews they persecute. Shylock has been waiting to strike back at Antonio, one of Venices principal anti-Semites, and sees his chance when the merchant is compelled to come to him for credit. Shylock fools Antonio into making a contract with a terrifying forfeiture, a pound of mans flesh, taken from a man. It becomes clear from the beginning what Shylocks intention is when he says, Ill plague him, Ill torture him. I am glad of it. When Antonio fails to pay the bond, Shylock refers obsessively and repeatedly to his bond and demands a pound of Antonios flesh, taken from the closest place to his heart. Ill have my bond; I will not hear thee speak; Ill have my bond, and therefore speak no more. Shylock is a fiend armed with scales and knife and his bloodthirsty campaign against Antonio is morally indefensible. Then again, we should also consider the situation Shylock is living in. He is not treated fairly and equally as a person but a dog, You have rated me about my monies and my usances you call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gaberdine, and all for use of that which is mine own. Throughout the whole play, Shylock suffers constant verbal abuse such as evil soul, devil, dog Jew, inhuman wretch, damned, inexecrable dog etc. When seen from another perspective, Shylock can be viewed as a godly, clean-living family man who merely wished to do his business unimpeded. He is only a man driven into revenge by mindless, unreasonable persecution and theft of his only child. He is a misguided soul who tried to get even within the law of those who hate him, only to be cruelly tricked a humiliated yet again. Jessica, Shylocks daughter is another main Jew in The Merchant of Venice. She is not a filial daughter, for she elopes with a Christian, Lorenzo, betraying her father, his faith and his religion. To make the matter worse for Shylock, Jessica also takes a considerable amount of his dear fortune and jewels. In any historical and moral case, a daughter betraying her father is unacceptable. However, was the elopement entirely Jessicas fault? It is true that Jessica took some part in the elopement and stealing her fathers money. However, she was persuaded by Lorenzo and his love for her. In a way, Jessica is a victim of Lorenzos deception. It could be seen that Lorenzo eloped with Jessica, knowing well that she would bring considerable sum of her fathers money. Not very surprisingly, when the money is used up, Lorenzos love for Jessica seems to be drying up at the same time. Yet, Lorenzos behaviour towards Jessica changes once more when he hears the news of Shylock agreeing give his money to daughter. How do the Christians differ from the Jews they persecute? Are they so much superior that they have the right to condemn another human being? The fact that the Christians think they differ greatly from the Jews is evident from the phrase, thou shalt see the difference of your spirit. Externally, Christians are gentle, amiable and honourable people who know the difference between right and wrong. They value each others honour immensely that they can even afford to lend money without any interest. They believe in nothing but rightful justice, all the while being merciful at the same time. However, could it be true that the gentlemen exterior is just a mask with its title of honour? It is definitely possible; at least in the way Shakespeare saw it. Bassanio, a Christian, uses his close friend, Antonio, for money. What is worse, Bassanio takes advantage of Antonios love, which is evident from his words, And if it stand as you yourself still do within the eye of honour, be assured my purse, my person, my extremest means lie all unlocked to your occasions, and does not pay the money back after squandering more and more of it. Ultimately, Bassanio gets Antonio into trouble with his enemy Shylock, yet again because of the money. Another good thing about Christians are that they are lovers when the Jews are said to be as unfeeling as stones. However, instead of marrying for their love, the Christian men seem to be marrying for the money and the position. For instance, when Bassanio describes Portia to Antonio the first thing he says about her is the amount of her money, in Belmont is a lady richly left, and she is fair This simple order of sentence implies that the prior reason Bassanio is going to marry Portia is not love, but her money and that the first thing he sees in love is also money. In fact, he commoditised her as a thing rather than a person by saying, and many Jasons come in quest of her. By modern social context, marrying someone for his or her money is not only deceiving, but unacceptable. On top of all deceiving, the Christians are deceitful and hypocritical. Portia, who is supposed to be fair and perfect, is about the most deceitful and hypocritical person throughout the whole play. She shows her true personality when she talks with Nerissa, it is a good divine that follows his own instructions; I can easier teach twenty what were good to be done, than be one of the twenty to follow mine own teaching. Her hypocrisy is shown once again in the court when she repeatedly gives Shylock so many chances to back down, so adding to the humiliation she clearly wishes to inflict on him in her hour of victory, The quality of mercy is not strained it blesseth him that gives, and him that takes it is an attribute to God himself, and earthly power doth then show likes Gods when mercy seasons justice. However, when Shylock is defeated, he is shown little of the mercy, which before was so earnestly recommended to him by Portia. Half his wealth is confiscated and -far worse- he must lose his faith and convert to Christianity. In any case, the most appalling and nasty aspect of the Christians is that they are extremely prejudiced. They have such high opinion of themselves and such low opinion of Jews that they think they are the only chosen ones for heaven after death, the sins of the father are to be laid upon the children therefore be ogood cheer, for truly I think you are damned. They condemn the Jews for what they are and no matter what the Jews do, nothing will change the Christians perceptions. Jessica, who is married to Lorenzo, and therefore a Christian is still referred to as yond stranger and infidel. The Merchant of Venice seems to contain both good and bad aspects of both the Christians and the Jews. Whether it is anti-Christian or anti-Semitic, one cannot decide, but it is true that Shakespeare had a deep understanding about the suffering and the behaviours, which resulted from racial prejudice. Shakespeare tried to write the story of mere human beings of different races, showing their lives and the way they dealt with them. He may have also wanted to say, What is real justice? How can you draw a line between the justice and injustice and classify them? How can you even divide people into being justifiable or not? He may have also wanted to tell people that appearance is not what you can be dependant on. That it may be something that you did not even dream of and maybe that it may have so much more to it than what you judged it to contain. Just like the Jews who were obsessed with money externally, but who started collecting money because they wanted to be accepted. Just like the Christians who looked like gentlemen externally, but who were nothing better than another race they despised.

The Circle of Life Essay Essay Example

The Circle of Life Essay Essay Example The Circle of Life Essay Essay The Circle of Life Essay Essay Black Elk introduces us to the â€Å"Circle of Life† position on clip. infinite. and being. which is common to many cardinal faiths. In this essay I will discourse this spiritual worldview and depict its apprehension and perceptual experiences of world. Contrast it to the more additive clip. infinite. and being constructs of modern cultural faiths. Last. I will compare Black Elk’s thoughts with the Christian position of nature and intent of Creation. This is the quotation mark from Black Elk. Ogala Sioux Holy Man. â€Å"You have noticed that everything and Indian does is in a circle and that is because the Power of the World ever works in circles. and everything attempts to be round†¦Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round. and I have heard that the Earth is round like a ball. and so are all the stars. The air current. in its greatest power. commotions. Birds make their nests in circles. for theirs is the same faith as ours. The Sun comes away and goes down once more in a circle. The Moon does the same. and both are round like the nests of birds. and these were ever set in a circle. The nation’s hoop. a nest of many nests. where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch our kids. † The Circle of Life has many different significances for everyone. The circle of life Begins when we are born into the universe. When we are born there is a connexion to household. Our life continues in circles and our kids are taught in circles. I know that we all are familiar with the stating. what goes about. will come back around. Whatever we do to a individual will sooner or later come back in a circle. In the Word of God it states. â€Å"Be non lead on. God is non mocked for whatsoever a adult male soweth. that he shall besides harvest. † ( Galatians 6:7 NIV ) So we must retrieve whatever we do in life whether good or bad will come back in a circle. Harmonizing to our talk notes. â€Å"the universe is biocentric and all life vegetations and zoology is considered portion of a incorporate religious household in which all life. including worlds. unrecorded harmoniously. † ( Hopfe. 2005 ) In the cardinal universe worlds are non considered the focal point of creative activity and or non superior or given a high place to the remainder of creative activity. ( Hopfe. 2005 ) In this text we are introduced to how the Indian civilization perceives things in life. First and foremost they look at everything in a circle or to be round. For illustration the Earth is round or it forms a round gesture. and is shaped like a ball. The air current is shaped as a circle because it blows around and commotions. the Moon is round. even the season’s alteration on a twelvemonth unit of ammunition footing. Everything that the Indians expression at is in a round gesture. The Oglala Sioux constructs will neer alter ; they ever will travel on a common bison Hunt. the bison Hunts are one of their most effectual ways of life merely because they do non merely utilize the bison for eating intents but for other ways as good. Example they use the fells. castanetss. and other stuff for mundane life. Black Elk’s thoughts on the Christian point of view of nature and creative activity describe birds. and how they lay their eggs in a nest that is circle. and how everything is repeated in a circle. The intent of creative activity is to guarantee that everything is in a round gesture. and in a human point of view we birth our kids in the same manner to a certain grade. From how we birth our kids. raise our kids. and see our kids do the same thing for their kids like we did them. Everything is repeated. even though the twenty-four hours in age alterations everything is invariably on a repetition. In this essay I explained to you on how Black Elk perceived life to be in a round gesture. and the manner of life from the Sioux Indians all the manner unto how we look at everything. no affair what race. ethnicity or credo. everything is performed in a round gesture. The lone thing that may alter is the day of the month and clip. and everything else remains the same. MentionsHopfe. L. M. ( 2005 ) . Religions of the universe ( 9Life Application Study Bible ( NIV ) . ( 1997 ) Wheaton. IL. Tyndale House Publishers.

How to Become an Anesthesia Technician

How to Become an Anesthesia Technician When you think about surgery, you might think of the scene how it’s often portrayed on TV- a surgeon, plus one or two nurses assisting. In reality, surgery requires a team of professionals: people to set up the operating room and equipment, someone to prep the patient, at least one surgeon, surgical nurses, surgical assistants, and (last but not least) anesthesiologists and anesthesia technicians who ensure that the patient is out cold and feels none of the pain of what’s going on. Every team member is an essential part of every surgery. All of these surgical team professionals have a major part to play in the healthcare industry, so if you’re looking for a solid healthcare career path, it’s time to think about whether you should become an anesthesia technician.The Role of Anesthesia TechniciansAn anesthesia technician (â€Å"tech† for short) is an allied health professional who works with the anesthesiologist and other operating room team members t o make sure that patients are sedated and properly anesthetized before surgery. Anesthesia technicians handle many of the practical (technical) details of anesthetizing patients, allowing the anesthesiologist to focus more fully on the patient’s needs. Anesthesia technicians’ responsibilities may include:Preparing equipment in the operating roomMaintaining equipment and troubleshooting as necessaryTesting and maintaining equipment ahead of surgeryManaging operating room supply inventoryPreparing anesthesia drugs under the direction of the anesthesiologistConnecting and operating equipment that monitors patients’ vital signs during surgeryAssisting with IVs and airway devicesHelping to transfer patients to post-op care roomsBasically, if it involves patient anesthesia or monitoring patients while they’re under sedation, the anesthesia tech has a hand in it. Anesthesia techs typically work in hospital settings, but they may also be found in private clinics/ doctors’ offices or outpatient care facilities.The BenefitsBecoming an anesthesia technician brings many of the benefits of an allied health career path:A growing industry. The healthcare field is expanding all the time, with greater demand for medical professionals at every level.A varied day-to-day. Patients change, their needs change, and every day has its own set of challenges.A stable work environment. Hospitals will always need to be staffed with qualified professionals, and typically provide a clean, quiet workspace.A path for advancement. Working as an anesthesia tech opens the door to other healthcare/surgical jobs, especially with certification.No four-year degree required. Anesthesia technicians usually have a high school degree plus specialized training and classes.The QualificationsBecause anesthesia technicians are working in a high-stress environment and handling life-or-death details, this is a job that has some very specific requirements. After all, you donâ €™t want Joe Schmo off the street holding your vital signs in his hands while you’re on the operating table. As an anesthesia tech, you can expect these preliminary requirements:A high school degree (or equivalent), minimumAn associate’s degree in an accredited Anesthesia Tech program may be preferredCompletion of a training program and at least 1 year of clinical internships and apprenticeshipsFor more on schools and training programs that offer degrees for Anesthesia Technicians, see the American Society of Anesthesia Technologists and Technicians (ASATT) for the most up-to-date information on available programs.Anesthesia technicians may also choose to get certified by the ASATT. To get this certification, you’d need to pass the ASATT’s national certification exam, in addition to having a high school diploma, 2+ years of experience, and completion of an anesthesia tech program or degree that includes clinical training. The certification is optional , but it could help with career advancement and give anesthesia techs an edge when it comes to seeking more opportunities in the field.This is also a job that requires a rather specific skill set. If you’re thinking about becoming an anesthesia technician, you should have these skills (or be willing to build them in the meantime):Verbal and written communication skillsProblem solving skills in high-pressure situationsComputer skillsComfort  with technology and mechanicsBiomedical equipment skillsA background in math, science, pharmacology, and medical terminologyMaking the DecisionIf you’ve got the baseline skills and are thinking of committing to this path of becoming an anesthesia technician, it’s time to think about the whole picture.Are you comfortable in a fast-paced, pressure-filled medical environment with potential crisis situations?Are you extremely detail-oriented?Are you unfazed by blood and bodily fluids in your professional environment?Are you abl e to keep calm and do what you need to do no matter what’s going on around you?Can you commit to the education and training it takes to become an anesthesia tech?Can you work well as a member of a team and under the direction of doctors and surgeons?Do you have good mechanical skills and a knack for troubleshooting tricky equipment?Are you willing and able to keep on top of medical equipment and technology trends?If the answer to all of these is â€Å"yes,† then you should seriously consider pursuing a career in anesthesia technician. If you’re seeing a lot of â€Å"maybe†s, â€Å"probably†s, or â€Å"uhhhh†¦no†s, then the good news is that there are tons of other healthcare career opportunities that might fit you better.The OutlookOnce you’ve figured out whether you’re personally equipped to make this your career path, you also need to figure out if it’s worth your future investment- after all, you don’t wan t to invest your time, energy, and education money in a career that’s going to stall out on you down the line. Like most other healthcare fields, the demand for anesthesia techs is growing; the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that jobs in related surgical technology fields will grow by about 15% by 2024. And not only is the field stable, but it’s also a solid salary choice as well: $38,700 is the median salary. Certified anesthesia technicians can make more, as can techs with significant experience, so there are plenty of opportunities for growth and advancement once you’re in the door.If you decide that becoming an anesthesia technician is the path for you, great! You’re on your way to a demanding-but-fulfilling career. Good luck!

Marketing Conference - Core Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Conference - Core Strategy - Essay Example This project is distinctive because Kick Spray is biodegradable hydraulic spray, which is invisible to the naked eye. Upon spraying all over the shoes, it functions for 24 hours. Besides, the product uses a Copenhagen enzyme based on antifouling option. For the benefits of the consumers in identifying the product, the product should be trademarked and patented under the trademark regulations. This will enable the consumers not confuse about the quality and origin of the product. Kick Covers Inc. is a company devoted to developing the ultimate anti-skid covers to attach or slip up onto shoes. Our mission is to develop and provide ultimate protection and dry feet solutions to consumers. Equally, the company is devoted to create a market niche and work towards sustaining it through excellent customer relations, provision of quality products and adhering to the customers’ tastes and preferences. We aim to become a vastly recognized brand name, capitalizing on the uniqueness of our product. Our goal is swift growth, annual profitability and quality product provision while maintaining our customers softy and happy. Productivity: To provide all of the resources our employees need to remain as productive as possible. This includes employee training, equipment maintenance and purchases that go into productivity (Anderson, & Thisse, 2002). Profitability: Our focus is in both production and operations while maintaining sustainable profit margin on our products sold. Revenue should always stay ahead of costs of doing business (Hooley, Saunders & Piercy, 2004). Positioning: Effective product positioning can be achieved by the triangle model, which provides for three distinct strategic options. They include best product, total customer solution ad system Lock-in (Porter, 2008). Let’s assume that our target market for instance in the State of Colorado is the group of Men and Women aged between

Global Sustainability And Key Needs In Future Of Automobile Industry Research Paper

Global Sustainability And Key Needs In Future Of Automobile Industry - Research Paper Example The financial concerns do impact the sustainability of the future of the automobile industry, but another factor that has more impact is the increasing environmental concerns surrounding the industry. The global growth in vehicle use has significantly increased fuel demand, materials and air emissions (Mcauley, 2003). According to the statics provided by Euromonitor International (2007), the global oil consumption for transport was approximately 16.8 billion barrels. In terms of PESTEL analysis for the automobile industry, the use of oil is causing environmental concerns all around the world. As a result of the environmental threat, the automobile industry faces the challenge of reducing the vehicle impact on the environment so that it can be sustainable in terms of the environment over the next 50 years (Mcauley, 2003). This emphasizes the importance of innovation in terms of technology to achieve greater sustainability in the future. This research will focus on the future of automobile industry by evaluating the present conditions the industry is in and the achievement towards sustainable development while assessing the potential challenges and problems that are causing a hindrance in this regard. The research will take into account two automobile manufacturers: Toyota and General Motors and evaluate its sustainable development goals and assess if they are successful or not. The reason for doing so is to identify the problems and solutions based on the experience of Toyota and General Motors. According to the Toyota European Sustainability Report (2009), the UK automotive industry is at present facing huge challenges which are becoming more complex given the economic downturn in the region and globally.

Macroeconomic Aims of a Government Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomic Aims of a Government Essay The government and policymakers of a country intervenes in the economy in order to achieve economic growth, price stability, and low rate of unemployment. First and foremost, economic growth can be defined as an increase in the countrys output over a period of time. This means there is an increment in her productive capacity hence a rise in national income. A high economic growth is desirable as it represents an improvement in the material standard of living of the society. A rising real income per head brings about more and better quality goods and services, which are available for consumptions of individuals. However, an improvement in the case of consumer welfare due to economic growth is highly doubtful if the growth is accompanied by undesirable side effects such as negative externalities, leisure time forgone or even a dilution in the societys tradition custom. Through redistribution of income, economic growth can eliminate poverty. A higher output allows households to enjoy more goods and services thus generating higher income and through the multiplier effect increases national income by folds. Besides that, the governments tax revenue will rise too, leading to more benefits for the poor such as education and training. This may even help curb the problem of poverty. The authority also highly regards sustaining a stable price level as a primary objective of economic policy. This is because inflation, defined as a sustained and inordinate increase in the general price level, could have harmful effects both socially and economically. A rising price level creates uncertainties and complicates decision-making, thus may hamper economic growth. Fluctuations in the level of prices makes information conveyed by prices harder to interpret. Consumer, firms, and the government may face a tough time in allocating funds or resources for the future in an inflationary environment. Furthermore, as the society strives to maintain its real value of income by keeping up with rising price level and competing with other social classes, the countrys social fabric could be severely strained. The mere existence of inflation means that the real value of money is falling. Thus, it will be necessary for the government to intervene in  the economy in order to prevent hyperinflation from happening. The countries that experienced the most extreme examples of trotting inflation are Argentine, Brazil and Russia. The slow growth brought about eventually crippled virtually the entire economic system. Every government places a low rate of unemployment at the top of its priority. The percentage of total labor force unemployed makes up the rate of unemployment. Economic costs of unemployment can be devastating, as it could mean a lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to loss of potential income to factors of production, whilst social costs such as increased poverty, personal hardships to individuals, decay of unused skills, raise in crime rates and family disputes prove the worthiness of the goal of achieving high employment. On the other hand, stability of a countrys exchange rate in the foreign exchange market (FOREX) is vital, as fluctuations of the exchange rate create adverse effects to the economy. There are mainly two cases which are prevalent in most economies. Firstly, an appreciation of the exchange rate may cause exports to become relatively dearer, and lead to loss of competitiveness (comparative advantage) to a country. Secondly, a depreciation of the exchange rate brings about serious domestic inflation, encourages exodus of capital and thus puts the country under stress of lack of investment and unemployment. On the external aspect, the government aims to achieve equilibrium in the balance of payment, especially the current account. A deficit in the current account drains the savings and reserve of a country significantly, leading to a chain effect of higher national debt and burden to future generations. In view of the above objectives, the government is needed to regulate and rectify situations. Therefore, the conclusion can be arrived that government intervention is fundamental to every economies in the world.

My Traveling Adventure :: Travel Paysage Nature Essays

My Traveling Adventure The wind hummed past my head, and I noticed off to my side that the sky was starting to clear and that the water surrounding me was becoming a brighter shade of blue. The features of my destination were quickly becoming more distinguishable with each second that passed. Only fifteen minutes before, the features coming into view had appeared as small white dots across the horizon. Looking at my small digital watch, I noticed that the time was 3:45 p.m., five minutes away from the island of Islesboro. The voyage across Penobscot Bay to Islesboro was one of excitement for me. The excursion to Islesboro started in the coastal town of Lincolnville, Maine. Waiting in the parking lot of the Lobster Pound Restaurant, I frequently saw young children frolicking across the sandy Lincolnville Beach off of Route 1. The smell of freshly cooked seafood and salty sea air mixed together while I sat on one of the bucolic wooden benches along the shore. The Margaret Chase Smith, the Maine State Ferry Service's ship that ventured to Islesboro and back, quickly docked at the end of a long wooden pier strewn with barnacles. The ferry navigated back and forth between eight monstrous black rubber pads jutting out from the water until it finally halted. The rusty metal ramp lowered onto the deck of the ship as cars started their loud engines, intruding upon the tranquility of the scene. My grandfather and I cautiously walked onto the ship after all the outgoing cars had departed. We gave the attendant our tickets and then watched the cars behind us drive onto the ferry like yo ung children following their grade school teacher. After rushing up the water-coated staircase to the observation deck, I instinctively ran over to one of the large, four-foot windows in the observation room. My grandfather approached me and lifted up the heavy glass window. I loved feeling the cool sea breeze rush past me. As a child, I adored scavenger hunts, and the zenith of my voyage was when I rushed up to the ship's fire plan document displayed for general viewing above the ship's main water fountain. I searched the ship with my grandfather for all of the fire extinguishers, returned to the map to observe if there were any that I had missed, and then journeyed again to find the unnoticed extinguishers.

Econ Macroeconomics

Approach to Learning and Teaching in the Course The philosophy underpinning this course and its Teaching and Learning Strategies are based on â€Å"Guidelines on Learning that Inform Teaching at NUNS†. These guidelines may be viewed at: www. Straightforwardness. Nuns. Du. AU. The specific approach to teaching and learning in Macroeconomics 1 is to engage students in the analysis of macroeconomic models and their applications in a relevant and interesting manner. The lectures, tutorials and assessment tasks have been designed to appropriately challenge students and support the achievement of the desired learning outcomes.A climate of inquiry and dialogue is encouraged between students and teachers and among students (in and out of class). The lecturers and tutors aim to provide meaningful and timely feedback to students to improve learning outcomes. With appropriate guidance, students are encouraged to take responsibility for their own learning. 4 3. 2 Learning Activities and T eaching Strategies The examinable content of the course is defined by the content of the lectures, the designated reading from the textbook (and any other required readings) and the content of the Tutorial Program.Lectures The purpose of lectures is to provide a social structure for the topics that make up the course; to emphasize the important concepts, models and methods of each topic, and to provide relevant examples to which the concepts and methods are applied. Not all examinable material can be covered in lectures. Lecture material is supplemented by required reading of the appropriate parts of the textbook and the material covered in the tutorial program. Tutorials The purpose of tutorials is to provide an opportunity for small group discussion of the issues to which economic concepts and methods developed in the lectures can be applied.Attendance at tutorials is compulsory. The Tutorial Program contains problems and questions that review and build on the lecture material. Th e economic concepts and models introduced in lectures. Students should attempt the set of weekly exercises before each tutorial and be prepared to contribute to tutorial discussion. Solutions to the problem and review questions will be posted on the course website at the end of each week. The Tutorial Program will be available on the course website. On-Line Multiple Choice Quizzes There will be a number of informal on-line quizzes provided for you to attempt during the session.This will give you the chance to acquire feedback on your progress and understanding of important concepts. There will be no grade attached to these quizzes. The quizzes can be accessed via the course website from the end of Week 3. The purpose of the quizzes is to allow ongoing review of the material covered and provide continuous feedback on your performance. Out-of-Class Study While students may have preferred individual learning strategies, it is important to note that most learning will be achieved outsid e of class time. Lectures can only provide a structure to assist your study, and tutorial time is limited.An â€Å"ideal† strategy (on which the provision of the course materials is based) might include: 5 Reading of the relevant chapter(s) of the text and any readings before the lecture. This will give you a general idea of the topic area. Attendance at lectures. Here the context of the topic in the course and the important elements of the topic are identified. The relevance of the topic should be explained. Attending the tutorials and attempting the tutorial questions prior to the tutorial. This will also provide a self-test of your understanding, and identify those parts of the topic with which you have problems.ASSESSMENT 4. 1 Formal Requirements To be eligible for a passing grade in this course, students must: ; achieve a composite mark of at least 50 out of 100; AND ; make a satisfactory attempt at all assessment tasks. This means attendance at 80% of tutorials and a ma rk of 40% in all assessments items. AND ; Achieve a satisfactory level of performance in the final exam. This usually means a minimum mark of 46 per cent. Any student having an overall mark of 50 or more but less than 46 per cent in the final examination will be given an IF grade (unsatisfactory fail). . 2 Assessment Details Weighting 10% 5% 20% 65% 100% Length As required As required 30 miss 2 hours University Exam Period Assessment Task Hand in Tutorial Questions Chart Book Submission In-Tutorial Test Final Exam Total 4. 3 Tutorial Participation No marks will be awarded for tutorial attendance. However a record of attendance at tutorial will be kept. Students should note that 80% attendance is required by NUNS and ASP rules. Attendance at 8 out 10 tutorials will be deemed as meeting the requirement.In certain circumstances, such as where a request for special consideration is made in relation to an assessment item, tutorial attendance will be oaken into account in determining your final assessment or whether special consideration is granted. 6 4. 4 Hand in Tutorial Questions Each week students are required to submit to their tutorial a written answer to one of the tutorial questions for that week. The questions for which a written answer is required will be indicated in the Tutorial Program. Answers must be submitted at the beginning of the tutorial and attendance at the entire tutorial is required.During the semester FOUR of the submitted answers (selected at random) will be graded and given a mark out of five. Each of the graded tutorials will have a weight of 2. 5% awards the overall assessment. 4. 5 Chart Book Submission In preparation to the guest lecture in Week 10, an assignment will be handed out (to be available online on Blackboard) where students will be asked to find various macroeconomic variables from the Reserve Bank of Australia or Australian Bureau of Statistics website, plot their time-series using Excel and Powering, and provide a one-page summary/analysis.Students will be asked to submit their findings online through Turning. Com as well as submit the hardcopy to the Assignment Box. More details will be announced close to the guest lecture in Week 10. In-Tutorial Test One short-answer test (the test has a weight of 20 percent) will be held during tutorials in the following week: ; Tutorial Test Week 8 (16-20 September) Students will have 30 minutes to complete each test. No notes, lecture or course material will be permitted to be used during the in tutorial test. The question must be answered on the answer sheet provided by your tutor.A list of potential questions the test will be provided on the course website (one week prior to the test). Questions asked in the tutorial test will be based on those posted on the website. However there may be some slight differences in the actual test questions, e. . Numbers could be changed for questions that involve calculations. Students must sit the tutorial test in the tutoria l group to which they have been allocated. There will be NO supplementary tests offered for the in tutorial test. You should make every effort to take the in tutorial test.Students who fail to attend the test will need to apply for Special Consideration. In cases of serious illness, students will need full and convincing documentation of that illness. Students who are found genuinely to be too ill to have attended an in tutorial test will have their mark on the final exam re sighted to include the mark reserved for the missing test. In all other cases on non- attendance by students will receive a grade of zero. Employment obligations or holiday plans of any kind are not acceptable reasons for absence from any test/ examination.Application for special consideration must be lodged through nylons with 3 working days of the assessment. (Log into mynas and go to My Student Profile 7 tab > My Student Services channel > Online Services > Special Consideration). Then submit the originals or certified copies of your completed Professional Authority form PDF – download here) and any supporting documentation to Student Central). 4. 7 Final exam The purpose of the final exam is to assess understanding of the macroeconomic concepts and models introduced in the course and to test the ability to use these to interpret and analyses real world situations.

Midterm Exam Essay

The Midterm Exam questions come from Modules 1-4. You should plan to take 2 hours to complete the exam. The exam is essay. Each answer is worth 20 points for a total of 100 points. Type your responses in this document and submit to the Dropbox by Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT. (This Dropbox basket is linked to Turnitin.) To see how your responses will be graded, review the â€Å"Midterm and Final Exam Grading Rubric† in Doc Sharing. 1. A re-organization will require that some employees are provided severance packages while other reassigned. What interpersonal managerial roles developed by Mintzberg will a manager confronted with this employ? Explain. The interpersonal managerial roles that will confront a manager are figurehead, leader and liaison. The manager will be confronted by the figurehead role because he is the person that is in charge, that is representing the organization in these decisions. He will also be confronted by the liaison role because he will be interacting with his peers during and possibly after these decisions are made. Lastly he will be confronted with the leader role because he is the leader of his employees and will be required to gather the information and ultimately make the decisions. 2. A manager has decided to use the Hawthorne Studies to improve productivity in an office. How would she accomplish this? Would the results be short- or long-term? Explain. Hawthorne studies dealt with group and individual behavior in the workplace. I think that a manager can accomplish more productivity in the workplace by making job satisfaction a priority. If someone is satisfied in their job then they are more likely to be productive. A manager can make the job more satisfying by making work challenging and interesting. Simple stuff such as introducing the latest software for office tasks or having an employee challenge of who can make the most sales in a week etc. can all help. A manager can also provide a reward system for employees that do well at work. Another thing a manager can do is create a supportive work environment for employees where they can ask for help or raise concerns without fear or prejudice. I think that all these factors will raise job satisfaction and as a result reduce the turnover rate, absenteeism and create a more productive workplace. These results would be long term because old employees would stay in the job longer and n ew employees would appreciate the work environment. 3. Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton Friedman argued that, â€Å"there is one and only one social responsibility of business—use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game† (Friedman, 1962, p. 133). Do you agree with Friedman? Explain. I do not agree with Friedman. Friedman was campaigning for a capitalist society where capitalism was not wrong as long as â€Å"it stays within the rules†. For a long while this idea worked and was the American way. However this is the same idea that caused the financial meltdown. The rules Friedman was referring to was an unregulated market were profit was the driving force, profit at any cost. Loans were made and taken with no common sense, ethics or regulations. Responsibility and accountability went out the window and the economy crashed. There has to be some ethics and social responsibility involved for businesses. Businesses based in America should have a social responsibility to create a particular amount of jobs and not only take advantage of China’s cheap labor to increase profit margins. Companies can profit from things like innovation, ideas, excellence not only unethical behavior. These â€Å"rules† need to be revised for our country’s future. A capitalist society that lacks rules, regulations, ethics and social responsibility has already been proven to have only short term success. We need to also think about the future. 4. Please evaluate this scenario by detailing what the manager would do for each step in the decision-making process. i) Two employees are blaming each other for a project they collaborated on which failed. ii) The department’s last three hirers all quit within six months. The decision making process entails the identification of a problem, identification of decision criteria, allocation of weights to criteria, development of alternatives, analysis of alternatives, selection of an alternative, implementation of the alternative evaluation of decision effectiveness. i) The first step in problem 1 would require the manager to find out why the project failed then maybe he can identify who if anyone was at fault. The second step would be to figure out the criteria that are relevant to their decisions such as whether enough research was done, was the planning done poorly etc. The third step would be to rate or put a weight to each factor found in step two as to their importance in the final decision e.g. not enough research 5, poor planning 4. The fourth step is to list the alternatives that could succeed in resolving the problem, like 1st alternative termination, second alternative training course, third etc. The fifth step would be to analyze each alternative in step four weighing up the pros and cons of each potential alternative like would termination be a benefit or liability to the company. The sixth step is choosing the best alternative after they have each been evaluated. The seventh step in the implementation of each decision, this is where the decision would be conveyed to the two employees. The eighth and final step is an evaluation to see whether if implementation of the decision took care of the problem, e.g. would projects be successful in the future. ii) The first step would be to indentify why the workers all quit within that particular time frame. The second step would be figure out a decision criteria, e.g. need for more staff, need a new office building etc. The third step would be to allocate weight to each of the criteria’s in step two e.g. five be the highest and one be the lowest, need for more staff rated at 5 would have the better weight than a new office building rated at a three. The fourth step would be to list all the alternatives better work environment, incentives etc. The fifth step would be to analyze every alternative. The sixth step would be to choose the best alternative. Step seven would be the implementation of the alternative and step eight would be an evaluation of if the alternative fixed the problem. 5. Competition with China has eviscerated many American industries, how can women’s clothing companies compete? Car companies? Please use Michael Porter competitive advantage categories: cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, and niche in your answer. Explain. I believe that American car companies can compete by implementing all three competitive strategies. American car companies can utilize a cost leadership strategy, a differentiation strategy and also a focus strategy. I think that American companies can utilize the cost leadership strategy by reducing overhead expenses and translating some of those savings into the final price of the cars. Another portion of those savings can be used towards innovation or inventing something that gives American companies an advantage such as a more powerful engine, better handling etc. One of the things that really shocked me during the financial collapse was how much the CEO and board members of these car companies were making. American car companies can also use a differentiation strategy to become competitive. American car companies can utilize every sub category under differentiation strategy such as innovation, better customer service at its dealerships, innovative designs, technological capabilities etc. A differentiation strategy coupled with a cost leadership strategy would make American car companies competitive. The last competitive strategy is a focus strategy. This is where these car companies focus on one segment. A segment can be a geographical location, customer type etc. I think a focus strategy can help these companies market their cars to specific demographics, different financial classes, different countries etc. With a differentiation implementation of maybe new innovation or technology and better customer service at their dealerships along with focus strategies then maybe American car companies can change the way that people perceive them and become more competitive in the car industry. I think that all American companies can utilize the three different competitive strategies. One of these strategies would impact more than another depending on different factors such as the type of company, the size, location etc. Women’s clothing can also benefit. To me it would depend on the size of the women clothing company. If it were something that’s available only within the United States then I would focus less on a focus strategy as women’s clothing is already focused towards women. A cost leadership strategy can always be helpful to become competitive by reducing overheads etc. A differentiation strategy can also be implemented but again I think that this will depend on the size of the clothing company and it’s goals.

Free Essays on Art And The Aeneid

The Depiction of Augustus through Art â€Å" This is the man, this one, Of whom so often you have heard the promise, Caesar Augustus, son of the deified, Who shall bring once again an Age of Gold.† Aenied (VI. 1062-1065) After defeating Mark Antony in 31 B.C., Augustus became the First Emperor of Rome. Under Augustus’ power, the Roman Empire rose to power and conquered most of Europe and parts of Northern Africa. By the time Augustus died in 14 B.C., Romans grew to worship their leader like a god, but still human. With art, people can compare several pieces to get a sense of the artist’s motives for depicting a person in a certain way. Looking at the piece Head of Augustus and comparing it to The Head of Aphrodite, a divine figure and The Portrait of Man, a human figure, the question to ponder is how does the artist portrays the leader as both a human and divine figure. The Head of Aphrodite has many idealized features in order to capture the essence of Aphrodite as a divine figure. The skin of Aphrodite is perfectly smooth and doesn’t have any discolorations. Her facial features are extremely symmetrical and proportional. It seems that the artist took extreme care to center and space Aphrodite’s nose and lips. Augustus has the same impeccable skin, not even having any cracks or chips in the marble. His nose and mouth are centered and placed precisely just like Aphrodite’s facial features. In particular, his lips are so perfect that it almost seems like the artist have been made from a mold. His lips are not like that of a human being because they do not have any cracks to show lines that human lips normally have. If the artist of Head of Augustus wanted to portray him with more human characteristics, he would’ve had facial features similar to The Portrait of Man, aren’t centered and not proportional to the rest of his face. The Portrait of Man has a nose that is too large for his small head. The ar... Free Essays on Art And The Aeneid Free Essays on Art And The Aeneid The Depiction of Augustus through Art â€Å" This is the man, this one, Of whom so often you have heard the promise, Caesar Augustus, son of the deified, Who shall bring once again an Age of Gold.† Aenied (VI. 1062-1065) After defeating Mark Antony in 31 B.C., Augustus became the First Emperor of Rome. Under Augustus’ power, the Roman Empire rose to power and conquered most of Europe and parts of Northern Africa. By the time Augustus died in 14 B.C., Romans grew to worship their leader like a god, but still human. With art, people can compare several pieces to get a sense of the artist’s motives for depicting a person in a certain way. Looking at the piece Head of Augustus and comparing it to The Head of Aphrodite, a divine figure and The Portrait of Man, a human figure, the question to ponder is how does the artist portrays the leader as both a human and divine figure. The Head of Aphrodite has many idealized features in order to capture the essence of Aphrodite as a divine figure. The skin of Aphrodite is perfectly smooth and doesn’t have any discolorations. Her facial features are extremely symmetrical and proportional. It seems that the artist took extreme care to center and space Aphrodite’s nose and lips. Augustus has the same impeccable skin, not even having any cracks or chips in the marble. His nose and mouth are centered and placed precisely just like Aphrodite’s facial features. In particular, his lips are so perfect that it almost seems like the artist have been made from a mold. His lips are not like that of a human being because they do not have any cracks to show lines that human lips normally have. If the artist of Head of Augustus wanted to portray him with more human characteristics, he would’ve had facial features similar to The Portrait of Man, aren’t centered and not proportional to the rest of his face. The Portrait of Man has a nose that is too large for his small head. The ar...

Why the Reverse PIN System Is Not in Use

Why the Reverse PIN System Is Not in Use Does typing in a reverse PIN at the bank ATM machine really call the police? Since 2006, a raft of emails and social media posts have helpfully suggested that people being forced by robbers to withdraw cash from an ATM machine could summon the police by entering their PIN number in reverse order. If you should ever be forced by a robber to withdraw money from an ATM machine, you can notify the police by entering your Pin # in reverse,  one widely circulated email reads. So, let’s say you are able to actually do that – naturally and quickly – with a pistol sticking in your ribs  during a robbery at your banks automated teller machine. Will the police automatically be summoned to the crime scene? No. In reality, the idea of a reverse PIN is just that - an idea whose time has not come, even though the technology exists. Heres the question: If the idea of a reverse PIN alert system sounds great, and its already been invented, whats the holdup? Reverse PIN Questioned by Government Federal legislation signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2009 raised hope that reverse PIN technology, an attempt to provide more safety for consumers who use ATMs, might be put into use. The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 mandated that the Federal Trade Commission study the cost-effectiveness of making available at automated teller machines technology that enables a consumer that is under duress to electronically alert a local law enforcement agency that an incident is taking place... Banks interviewed by the FTC reported that they had never installed any type of emergency-PIN system on their ATM machines and had no plans to do so in the future. â€Å"FTC staff learned that emergency-PIN technologies have never been deployed at any ATMs, reported the FTC. The respondent banks reported that none of their ATMs currently have installed, or have ever had installed, an emergency-PIN system of any sort. The ATM manufacturer Diebold confirms that, to its knowledge, no ATMs have or have had an emergency-PIN system.† The study, made public in April 2010, suggested that the reverse PIN system or alarm buttons would not stop or significantly reduce ATM robberies and could even â€Å"increase the danger to customers who are targeted by offenders.† While there may be some potential for decreasing ATM-related crime and injury, there is also the possibility that emergency-PIN systems will have little or no effect, or that they will even increase injury, the FTCs Bureau of Economics reported. How is that possible? Reverse PIN Opposed by Banks The FTC study warned that the reverse PIN system might actually increase the  physical danger to the victim because of the difficulties distressed customers may experience in using the system. Banks that cooperated by the FTC study said customers who fumble while trying to type in their reverse PIN face a real risk of personal harm. There are ... concerns that customers under stress may be unlikely to remember the reverse of their PIN, which may place them in greater danger should the perpetrator figure out what they are attempting to do and escalate the situation, Bank of America told the FTC. So what is a customer to do in the event of a crime? Comply, Wells Fargos senior vice president for ATM and store strategy  said. If a crime is being committed, we believe the safest course of action is for a customer to comply with the demands of their attacker, he wrote to the FTC. How Reverse PIN System Would Work A reverse PIN system would allow distressed ATM customers with a bank card PIN of 1234, for example, to enter this number backward, 4321, and automatically send an electronic relay message to a dispatch center or the police, alerting them to the customers location. Bogus Reverse PIN Email One of the most widely forwarded emails wrongly claiming the reverse PIN system is in use reads: LIFE-SAVING information!!!GOOD INFORMATION TO KNOW ABOUT.PLEASE PASS THIS INFORMATION ONTHE RECENT TRAGEDY OF A YOUNG WOMAN BEING KIDNAPPED ANDEVENTUALLY KILLED; AFTER SHE HAD REPEATEDLY GIVEN THE KIDNAPPER A WRONG PIN TO HER ATM CARD. IF SHE KNEW THE METHOD BELOW, SHE COULD HAVE BEEN SAVED. SO I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT ENOUGH TO LET YOU KNOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!IF YOU SHOULD EVER BE FORCED BY A ROBBER TO WITHDRAW MONEY FROM AN ATM MACHINE, YOU CAN NOTIFY THE POLICE BY ENTERING YOUR PIN # IN REVERSE.FOR EXAMPLE IF YOUR PIN NUMBER IS 1234 THEN YOU WOULD PUT IN4321.THE ATM RECOGNIZES THAT YOUR PIN NUMBER IS BACKWARDS FROM THE ATM CARD YOU PLACED IN THE MACHINE. THE MACHINE WILL STILL GIVE YOU THE MONEY YOU REQUESTED, BUT UNKNOWN TO THE ROBBER, THE POLICE WILL BE IMMEDIATELY DISPATCHED TO HELP YOU.THIS INFORMATION WAS RECENTLY BROADCAST ON FOX TV AND IT STATES THAT IT IS SELDOM USED BECAUSE PEOPLE DONT KNOW IT EXISTS.PLEASE PASS THIS ALONG. Fast Facts on Reverse PIN Technology Entering a PIN number in reverse order at an ATM machine or other electronic account verification devices will not automatically notify or summon the police.Though the reverse PIN notification technology† exists, its use is opposed by both the U.S. government and the banking industry due to the possibility of physical harm to customers who struggle to use the system while under great stress.The banking industry and law enforcement officials are continuing to work on the development of an automated ATM police notification system that will not further endanger customers. Updated by Robert Longley

Patient's Bill of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patient's Bill of Rights - Essay Example He claims that the state has denied him the right to proper medical attention due to his health ramifications. The bureaucratic insurance companies have bottlenecked his efforts to access full medical cover owing to diabetic condition. The pre-existent condition suffered by John places him at a disadvantageous position in the social arena. His condition limit his ability to access affordable health insurance if he becomes self-employed, secures a job in a company that does not proffer coverage, or experience a life changing circumstances like retirement, divorce or relocation to a different state (HHS, 2011). That is when the Affordable Care Act comes to his aid. If it were, at any rate, rescinded, John would suffer a circumstantial health blow dealt by nature in the event of sickness. The Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan provides John with protection against egregious insurance companies’ discriminative health-oriented policies. ... for pre-existing condition, and Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan have been set up to cater for those uninsured but have a pre-existing condition (HealthCare.gov, 2010). Despite this preexistent health condition, the interim Affordable Care Act that the congress amended on June 22, 2010 caters for John’s health issue.. The Act provides for the safeguard of his health by enshrining health related regulations. It contains the Pre-Existing condition Insurance Plan that offers protection for John. It avails health coverage to US citizens. John stands to benefit from what the plan has to offer as meticulously elaborated in the plan. The benefits include primary and specialty care, hospital care, prescription drugs and treatment of pre-existing condition. Also, the program charge normal premiums irrespective of the medical condition and income are not the ground for legibility (HealthCare.gov, 2010). The State have several Federal-run programs that provide a legal framework gear ed towards addressing John’s health dilemma. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services effects the Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan. However, there are laid-down requirements that John must comply with for health coverage. They include documents like a letter from a health practitioner indicating his name, his medical condition, name of the practitioner, license number, state of licensure, and signature; denial letter from an insurance company licensed in John’s state; the rejected offer of the insurance coverage that says John’s condition won’t be covered in the event of acceptance of the offer and/or the premium get overcharged because he was underage or he lived in Massachusetts or Vermont. All the above documents should be dated within a one-year period (HealthCare.gov,

Differences and Similarities between Existing Security Standards Essay

Differences and Similarities between Existing Security Standards - Essay Example As discussed before information security is essential for saving the data and assets of a business. Thus, businesses require being completely responsive for devoting additional resources to save data and information assets, as well as information security has to be a top concern for both governments and businesses (Government of the HKSAR, 2008). In addition, the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) has been offering directions and guidelines for customers, businesses, trade officials, governments and developing nations since its establishment in 1947. Additionally, all that knowledge goes into the building of innovative standards and the development and enhancement of accessible information security standards. In this scenario, the ISO 9000, the excellence management standard, is yet probably the most identifiable ISO standard to American businesses for the reason that of its influence in the United State all through the late 80’s as well as untimely 1990†™s. However, there are numerous top security standards that have been discovered with the passage of time. For instance, whole 27000 series is intended to cover numerous areas of information security as well as risk management: (JBwGroup, 2009; Government of the HKSAR, 2008) IS0 27000 – Information Security methods, basics as well as vocabulary ISO 27001 – Information Security Management System Requirements (available: 10/2005) ISO 27002 – Code of Practice (available: 06/2005) ISO 27003 – Planned ISMS Implementation ISO 27004 – Directions intended for Information Security Management Metrics as well as Measurement ISO 27005 – Guide intended for Risk Management (available 06/2008) ISO 27006 – Worldwide Accreditation Requirements (available 03/2007) However, business corporations that have adopted ISMS and attained self-governing 3rd party certification regarding their information security plans have gained a number of strategic benefi ts (JBwGroup, 2009; Government of the HKSAR, 2008). Moreover, from the above stated different information security standards I have chosen the ISO/IEC 27001. ISO- 27001 or ISO/IEC 27001:2005 is typically referred as the most excellent practice specification that facilitates businesses and corporations all through the globe to build up a best-in-class information security management system (ISMS). In addition, these security and safety standards were published jointly by the ISO (international security office) and the international electro-technical commission (IEC). In this scenario, the British standard BS7799-2 was the predecessor for ISO 27001 (IT Governance Ltd., 2011; WikiBooks, 2009; Arnason & Willett, 2008; ISO, 2011; Praxiom Research Group Limited, 2011). In this information technology based age, information and information systems are very important for the businesses. Keeping this fact in mind, ISO 27001 establishes specific needs and requirements which have to be followed , as well as against those requirements organizations’ information security management systems are audited and certified. In addition, ISO 27001 is intended to harmonies with ISO 14001:2004, ISO 9001:2008, ISO 20000 as well as various other security standards established for efficient management system integration. In this scenario, the ISO27001 standard allows the organizations to produce a structure to comply with a lot of authoritarian standards. Additionally, all the United Kingdom businesses have to obey following standards:

Summary & Strong Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary & Strong Response - Essay Example Whenever the children practice, they have a fear in their mind whether they get injured or not. She stresses this point by taking the example of a boy who practices curve ball. She stresses this by quoting Koppett that muscle strain or even life lifelong injury may result when a twelve –year –old throws curved ball. She says even though they are not injured, they may have the fear in mind which always disturbs them during the practice. . The third point she mentions is the over stress that the parents and their coaches undergo. They really kill the happiness and innocence of the children. The example of a parent who raged against the other team is a typical example that she gives in the essay. I strongly agree with her arguments. Even though I had not read the essay earlier, I strongly felt the inevitability of keeping the children away from the organized sports events. It is an undeniable fact that these competitions are more overlooked by the parents and the coaches o r even the sponsors of the children than the children themselves. The parent’s agony about the children’s future is easily understandable from the above mentioned incidents. Once I happened to hear a member of a team expressing his relief after knowing that the leading player of the other team was hurt and therefore could not play. I really felt that the children are taught indirectly to keep away from the value system. The age is marked with both physical and mental growth. The emotional stress that they suffer in this period will have a long lasting effect. The unhealthy competitions are in a way harmful to the mental set up of children. Some schools have the grading systems to promote sports among children. Those who play sports will be awarded according to their performance. Sometimes they even give participation points also. This is also a cause of ill feeling in the minds of small children. If they want to compete, let them do it without the interference of exter nals. The interests of the children are to be valued more than the prize or the position. So the rigorous practice according to the selected item can done after the specified age. Winning at any coast becomes the issue of prestige for them. It surely kills the true spirit of sports. The meaning of the word of sports itself is ‘entertainment’. But we can notice that the child who wins the games also fails to express the happiness on face as expected of him. Thus it is clear that the children are under stress. Jessica points out some related incidents her essay. One parent from a team faces up a player of the other team and it led the team to arrange security guards for them Children want to enjoy sports and develop healthy relationship. This is possible in team plays. The entire aim of the sports arranged for children should the enhancement of team spirit and cooperation. Sports are a very good media which can be used to inculcate many social values in the young tender m inds of children. The authorities who set these for them should encourage them in this way. The experiences they get from these games are to be valued more than winning at any cost. I conclude here by strongly supporting the arguments of the writer. Competing theory is to be taken into account only from the part of the children. The interference of parents or adults is obviously misleading and the children cannot enjoy the true spirit in a positive way. The children are with the inbuilt capacity to realize the need of

Sociological Theories And Service Users Situations Social Work Essay

Sociological Theories And Service Users Situations Social Work Essay In taking the time to observe how sociological and psychological influences may impact on a service user or client group, the social worker can remain mindful of the wider context of a situation and not just take what she sees at face value. This knowledge allows the social worker to remain objective and to make informed decisions in order to maintain professionalism in her work. By applying Sociological and Psychological theory to the Bertrams case study I aim to explore the wider social context, outside influence and psychological implications from the past and present. Through this exploration I will uncover the varying viewpoints and sometimes contradictory nature of these theories. To gain a Sociological perspective on the case study I will be applying Functionalist and Feminist theories. I will be able to scrutinise the Bertrams current situation and apply the theory in order to gain a wider understanding of the social context. In order to maintain a balanced viewpoint, Psychod ynamic theory and Maslows hierarchy will enable me to consider the psychological impact with a focus on human and emotional development. By examining a situation from a Sociological perspective we can take into account how various aspects such as class, social structure, religion, disability can impact people from a wider social context. This is essential in gaining a holistic picture the situation. Functionalism By applying a Macro theory to the case scenario it allows us to look at the large scale features of society and how individual actions affect society as a whole and vice versa. Functionalism will enable me to contemplate the structure of society and how the Bertrams fit within that structure. Functionalist theorists regard society as a system with interlocking parts. It is believed that each part needs to function effectively in order for society, as a system, to work as a whole. It is often rationalised using biological analogy. The social role of individuals is an integral part of the theory. Each person is thought to have their individual role to play within society. From a functionalist perspective it is very clear that Mrs Bertram is not fulfilling her role as a wife. Due to her alzemers she is unable to carry out the duties that would have been expected of her. Durkheim believed that everyone had their place, and a womans place was in the home. In the context of the 40s, 50s wh en Functionalism was at its peak, this viewpoint would not have been uncommon, if a little out-dated by todays standards. None the less, it is not through choice that she has become dysfunctional within society. She has legitimate claim for not being able to carry out her societal role and Functionalism would automatically see her take on the sick role. This would enable her to function again within the system under a different guise. It could also be observed that Mr Bertram is a dysfunctional member of society. With his reckless behaviour, his outrageous spending, and the lack of care for his wifes basic needs he is no longer fulfilling his role of husband. A main proponent of Functionalism was Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). He saw marital vows as obligations. When I perform my duties as a brother, a husband or a citizen and carry out the commitments I have entered into, I fulfil obligations which are defined in law and custom which are external to myself and my actions (Durkheim, 1982). He believed that if a member of society was deemed as dysfunctional, then he was considered to be a deviant member of society. Deviance occurs when people are not functioning correctly, according to the norm. This could be through crime, or anything which affects their ability to carry out their societal role. Deviance needs to be controlled or managed. If it was established that Mr Bertram was in fact deviant then he may need some persuading that by providing the care and attention that his wife needs his wife would not be removed from the situation. Through this resolution, therefore, they would both be able to function appropriately. It could be observed that Mr Bertram had an alcohol dependency. If this was established then Mr Bertram too may take on the sick role. In which case a different method for resolving the issues within the house would need to be adopted. Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) believed that sickness was a social concept rather than a biological concept. So being ill meant acting in different, deviant ways to the norm. Being sick was therefore a form of social role (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). Parsons believed the rights of a sick person to be exemption from normal social obligations, the right to be looked after and blamed for their social deviance as long as they were genuinely sick. Obligations of a person playing the sick role would be to understand that they have to get well as soon as possible in order to continue their normal function and in order to do this they must receive professional help. Mr Bertrams condition would need to be treated or managed in order to enable him to function ag ain. In that case Mr and Mrs Bertram would be able to stay at home under treatment and the issues about care could be dealt with accordingly. He would no longer be considered deviant member of society. A criticism of the sick role would be that it is very difficult to apply to long term illness like that of Mrs Bertram. It is built on the assumption that the person gain help in order to gain function. This would not be possible for Mrs Bertram. Feminism From a Radical Feminist perspective it could be observed that Mrs Bertram has been oppressed by her husband. Through her devotion and his dominance she has succumb to subordination. Radical Feminists use the patriarchal social system as a concept to explain gender inequality. Patriarchy is the dominance of men over women in society. They view men as responsible for the exploitation of women from which they benefit greatly, through free domestic labour, sexual duties and so on. The case study describes how Mrs Bertram was swept off of her feet and totally devoted to Mr Bertram. In their current situation, Mrs Bertram is at home in squalled conditions and desperately in need of help. Mr Bertram is avoiding the situation by using diversionary tactic, selfishly seeking social activity and pleasure through drink. This further increases her oppression as she is fully dependent on her husband to provide the care and attention which she is desperately in need of. Shulamith Firestone, an early radical feminist writer argues that men control womens roles in re-production and child bearing. Because women are biologically able to give birth to children, they become more dependent materially on men for protection and livelihood (Giddens, 2006). Feminists could argue that for this reason Mrs Bertram has become vulnerable within her setting and just accepts this way of life. Jessie Bernard argued that Men need marriage more than women (pg 208 Gender). Perhaps this reliance on the domestic labour, comfort and sexual duties of a wife, which has been lost my Mr Bertram through his wifes condition is attributing to his behaviour. Mrs Bertram is no longer fulfilling her duties as a wife and this could be disrupting his routine. It would appear that Mr Bertram has never had to control the household, take care of his wife or finances, and may lack the ability or may simply consider it beneath him. It could affect his masculinity to have to carry out such c hores and duties believed to be part of a womans role. This may also be the reason why he is reluctant to accept help with the situation. He may feel he is being barraged and dictated to by his step daughters which may be resulting in a greater defiance. It is not clear from the case study, the nature of their relationship either. He may feel that family and professionals are undermining his authority as head of the household. Mr Bertram may be compensating for his lack of masculinity at home, by using his social appearance, bravado, drinking and defiance. This time away from the house for him may reaffirm his role as a dominant male within society whilst his dominant role as a man disappears at home. He no longer has command over his wife, no longer gets respect, adoration that he was once used to. Men are considered to have more influence within society; Mr Bertram has no influence over this situation or over his wife. Part 2: Using the scenario describe two psychological theories that can be used to help your understanding of the service users situation Humanistic theory Maslows hierarchy of needs Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908 1970) argued that humans throughout life not only want to have their basic survival needs met they strive for more in terms of personal growth. He believed that once basic needs for survival had been met that human development progressed toward higher psychological needs. He argued that people are motivated by the conscious desire for personal growth (Rathus, 2004). Maslow believed what separated us from our so-called lower animals was our capacity for self-actualisation (Rathus,2004). He believed that this self- actualisation was as important as basic needs but could not be met unless other stages of human needs were completed. He organised these stages into the hierarchy of needs, often presented in pyramid format. Each stage must be satisfied in order to progress to the next. At the bottom of the hierarchy are physiological needs. These are the basic human needs we all have in order to survive, like food, water, shelter, oxygen. Once t he first basic need has been satisfied, the following stage is safety needs, the need for security. The following stage in the hierarchy is love and belonging; the need to give and receive love, to overcome loneliness and achieve a sense of belonging in life. The fourth stage is Esteem needs; to feel self-confident, respected and not to feel inferior. Self-actualisation is the final stage in the hierarchy and can only be reached when all foregoing needs are satisfied and the person feels he has achieved everything he wants to in life and is the best that he can be. In the case of the Bertrams it is clear that Mrs Bertram is currently not even meeting the bottom of Maslows hierarchy of needs. It is noted that their flat is in an appalling state, she is unable to feed herself and left on her own for most of the day. You would expect most of her needs to be met within the context of her marriage to Mr Bertram; however, since he has neglected his role as a husband, he has placed her in a position of significant danger. Since not even her basic physiological needs are being met in the current situation then at present there would not be an opportunity to progress through the hierarchy of needs. If Mrs Bertram was placed in residential care then her physiological needs would be met. She would have food, water and care of her basic needs. She could then perhaps progress to the following stage of safety. She would no longer be at risk of hurting herself and she would be in a more secure environment. Although it could be argued that for an advance Alzheimers sufferer, the unfamiliar setting would disorientate her and she might not actually feel secure there. Because of her diagnosis, Mrs Bertram is unlikely to meet the third stage of love and belongingness. Her advanced Alzheimers may mean that she fails to recognise her husband, family members and have a declining ability to communicate. Mrs Bertram would never reach self-actualisation. The best that could be achieved would be basic survival and safety needs, whether this was achieved at home with the compliance of her husband, or in residential care. Although it could be debated that residential care would not be the best opt ion. As the GP states in the case scenario, a move to residential care might well kill Mrs Bertram. It would appear from the case scenario that Mr Bertrams basic needs are being fulfilled. However it is uncertain as to whether his s safety and security needs are being met. He certainly would not get a sense of love and belonging from his wife, in the latter stages of sever dementia. I would observe, however, there is some attempt from Mr Bertram to achieve a sense of self-esteem, since he spends the majority of his time with his compatriots at the golf club. It is clear that in this relationship and the current situation faced by the Bertrams that he too has no way of reaching self-actualisation. Maslow observes that it is mainly social factors that hinder the personal growth of humans. Potentially at least the first two stages of Maslows hierarchy could be reached within the context of their marriage, with the right services in place. Psychodynamic theory Through the Psychodynamic theory of personality we could speculate about Mr Bertrams past and how that has influence on his behaviour in the present. It would be difficult to achieve a comprehensive result in regards to Mrs Bertram because of her Alzheimers. Since her behaviour is wholly attributed to her condition. Studying Sigmund Freuds (1856 1939) theories, with a focus on psychosexual development, would be the most relevant to apply to the case scenario. Psychodynamic theory had been developed and evolved over the years. Freuds idea of Psychodynamic theory depicted humans as largely driven by unconscious motives and desires. He proclaimed that humans come into conflict when their basic instincts come up against social pressure to follow, laws or moral codes. At first this conflict is external, but as we develop it becomes internalised (Rathus, 2004). Freud explains the conflict of personality using psychic structures. The id, which Freud believed is present at birth and located in the unconscious mind, and revolves around our basic biological drives and instincts. It operates on what Freud called the pleasure principle. It demands instant gratification regardless of laws or moral rules. Another feature in the structure of personality is the ego. Formed from the id, developed through learni ng and experience. This is the part where conscious thought takes place (Beckett and Taylor, 2010). The ego operates on the reality principle. This takes into consideration what is practical and possible in gratifying needs (Rathus, 2004). When the ego senses improper impulses arsing it can sometimes deploy a number of defence mechanisms. The third psychic structure is the superego. This is formed throughout early childhood and is developed through standards, values, parenting and moral standards. Psychodynamic theory emphasises the way in which the mind stimulates behavior, and both mind and behavior influence and are influenced by the persons social environment (Payne, 2005) Freud believed there were four stages in psychosexual development. The first stage took place during the first year of a childs life. This is known as the oral stage. Much of the childs development is explored by putting things into the mouth and sucking, biting chewing. Freud believed it was possible to have arrested development through trauma. And be fixated on one of the stages. From the case study we could surmise that Mr Bertram is fixated on the oral stage of psychosexual development through his drinking. We could speculate that he may have had a significant trauma at that stage which has left him with a possible alcohol dependency, thus fixated on the oral stage. It could perhaps be identified that Mr Bertram is using psychological defence mechanisms in order to avoid the situation that he is currently facing. Part 3: Reflect on your own background describe it and indicate 1 sociological and 1 psychological theory that can be applied to you, giving examples The relationship I have with my father has often been fraught, difficult and tense. As a sufferer of a severe mental disorder, my father has often displayed irrational, delusional, paranoid and sometimes violent behaviour. Throughout his life he has had frequent hospitalisation. For me this is something I have grown up with and am used to dealing with on a day to day basis. I am acutely aware of how our relationship differs to that of my friends for example. I have as close a relationship as possible with him, and to that end I usually bear the brunt of his paranoia and aggression when he is unwell. I have witnessed first-hand the stigma attached to mental illness. I find it extremely difficult to trust anyone enough to tell them about the situation, and I strongly feel I shouldnt have to tell everyone that meets him, this only leads to labelling him as mentally ill, thus changing the way in which they treat him; which only compounds his paranoia. Some Sociological theorists believe that mental illness is a social construction in order to rationalise bizarre or irrational behaviour that cannot be in any other way explained. This is known as labelling theory. Scheff (1966) argued that people are labelled as mentally ill because their behaviour does not make sense to others. Scheff points out that labelling of a person as mentally ill is facilitated by stereotyped imagery learned in early childhood and continually reaffirmed, inadvertently, in ordinary social interaction and through the mass media. Thus, when a persons violation of social norms or deviance becomes a public issue, the traditional stereotype of crazy person is readily adopted both by those reacting to the deviant person and, often, by the deviant person as well (Lamb. 2002). Erving Goffman suggests that when someone is labelled as mentally ill then they are treated differently. When an interaction takes place with that person it is with this knowledge of the menta l illness, therefore creating what Goffman called a spurious interaction (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). From a behaviourist view, Schizophrenia could be viewed as a kind of learned behaviour. From this perspective, people engage in schizophrenic behaviour when it is more likely to be reinforced than normal behaviour (Rathus, 2004). This could be the result of being raised in an unrewarding or punitive situation. It could also be observed that this kind of behaviour is reinforced within the hospital setting, where the schizophrenic behaviour is reinforced through attention from professionals within that setting. Cognitive theory argues that behavior is affected by perception or interpretation of the environment during the process of learning. Apparently inappropriate behavior must therefore arise from misinterpretation. Therapy tries to correct the misunderstanding, so that our behavior reacts appropriately to the environment (Payne, 2006) I believe the experiences I have had with my father give me the ability to understand mental illness without stigmatising. It also helps me empathise with the sufferer and the family. An empathetic approach to someone who was hearing voices for example, would be to understand that to the person affect, they are very real. I fully understand the importance of having the right services in place in order for that person to thrive. My experience allows me to observe the wider context of a situation and realise that it is not only the primary sufferer of the condition that is affected. The wider family needs to be considered as they have a huge role to play in the well-being of the person concerned.